One teacher says yes.
Liz Kolb converted from being one of those teachers who “didn't see value of cell phones on campus” to devising ways to use cell phones as learning tools. Kolb, a former middle school and high social studies teacher and technology coordinator, said she was doing a blogging activity with a group of teachers when a message popped up on her screen telling her she could create an audio-blog with her cell phone. “It was the easiest podcast I ever made. I said, 'Wouldn't this be a great way to do podcasts as homework!' It was a real ah-ha moment,” she says.
But when she went out searching for resources on how to teach with cell phones, she found none so, she says, “I just started playing around.”
What she came up with was a host of ways educators and parents could use cell phones to enhance learning outside of the classroom, and perhaps just keep students engaged. Kolb, who is now completing her doctorate in learning technologies at the University of Michigan, says while she still thinks cell phones shouldn't be used inside the classroom, she believes there are ways to use a cell phone as “an anytime, anywhere, data-collection tool.”
Take, for example, this science lesson: your eighth grader is learning about ecosystems, and is tasked with taking photos of insects on his phone to be studied later in class. “There is a genuine excitement about the lesson because they can use their own cell phone,” she says. And, says Kolb, when student's can connect their own culture with what's happening in school they're education becomes immediately more meaningful to them.
And, says Kolb, this type of technology integration will better prepare students for the 21st century workforce, where jobs are performed on mobile devices, such as cell phones. “We see it in places where we compete, such as China,” she says. “The fact is that they already value the cell phone as a professional tool. Now we need to teach kids how to use a phone ethically in the work environment of the future.”
Kolb, who highlights her ideas in the new book, Toys to Tools: Connecting Student Cell Phones to Education, says students don't need the latest high-tech phones to conduct these mini lessons. In fact, she says she did all her research for the book with one of the cheapest phones on the market. About 95 percent of phones today have cameras, albeit poor ones. But, says Kolb, even a poor camera is a teaching moment waiting to happen.
How can you leverage these teaching moments at home? Here are some of Kolb's suggestions for using the phone as a learning device.
Be a Documentarian
Ever wanted to take pictures in a museum or at an event, but have been told flash photos aren't allowed? Enter, the cell phone: the handy-dandy, go-anywhere, flash-free documentation tool. Kolb says a cell phone can be a great way to document family vacations or field trips. Post the photos to a private space, such as flickr.com or flagr.com, and add them to a map to track the places you've been. That report on “What I Did Last Summer” just got a lot more interesting.
Be a Writer
Anyone with an adolescent in the house has seen text speak: “c u l8tr.” Some say this new tech language is ruining literacy. Kolb calls it “a new literacy that we're adapting too.” This adaptation can lead to all kinds of creative ways to reach kids. Kolb says she knows of one 11th grade teacher who encouraged kids to text message each other about Shakespeare as a way of studying for a unit review. They were asked to rewrite what had happened in a particular act, essentially transcribing old English to new English—a tough task considering that most text messages allow no more than 160 characters. “It really forced them to think about what they were summarizing and what was the most important part of the act or character,” Kolb says.
Besides texting about literature, teens can use their text message function to become writers themselves. Textnovel.com allows you to collaboratively (or individually) write your own novel through text messaging. It's like an any-time, any-where writing forum. Waiting in line at the DMV for your driver's license? Add another chapter to your autobiography, or another line to your poem. Your text message gets sent to the web site where your story is logged, and the composition can be set to either public or private. “It creates a different literacy, and an opportunity for students to be creative and innovative, while still participating in traditional literature by summarizing and understanding texts, and creating plots and settings,” Kolb says.
Be an Expert
Do you have a history buff on your hands? Does your child want to learn more about how to reduce carbon footprint? Web sites like textmarks.com allow teens to position themselves as experts on topics and share their knowledge. The site allows students to sign-up and create a campaign (such as “Go Green!”) to which friends and family can subscribe. Then, after researching facts, figures and informational tidbids, your child can share that newfound knowledge with his subscriber base on a regular basis.
Be a Mobile Journalist
Let's say you're visiting Grandma in Louisiana and it starts to snow for the first time in 45 years. Your teen can immediately whip out his phone and start snapping pictures, or rolling video, to become what's called a mobile, or citizen journalist. Your budding reporter can then send that documentation through her phone to a major news organization, such as CNN (ireport@cnn.com), or to your local newspaper or access television station. If entries are published or broadcast, the contributer receives credit and, in some cases, could even get licensing for the news stories that she creates. But, besides fame, documenting their world gets kids thinking critically about what is happening in their environment—an important academic skill. “Plus, if they experience something they want to remember, it's a great way to make a memory,” Kolb says.
Be an Oral Historian
One of the greatest features of the cell phone is the built-in recorder. The only problem is that they often end up being huge files. Solution? Drop.io This password protected web site stores your audio recordings in a private place online. Your teen will receive a number to dial from her phone, after which she can set her phone down and start recording. Kolb says this is a great way to record oral history through grandparents, senior citizens in your community, or local historians. Your child can make a digital storybook with pictures, or just save the conversation for posterity's sake. “You have your tool in your pocket at all times,” she says. Is your child's favorite author coming to the next town over? She can record a reading or book talk with her phone, and maybe even score an interview afterwards.
Be a Radio Star
Radio theater isn't dead, it's just taken a while for people to figure out how to produce this art form through their cell phones! Your child can create an original radio play, from scripting straight through to broadcast, and record it through an online podcasting site, such as Gcast. Spice up the performance with some simple sound effects, dramatization and music with a 1930's theme.
Be a Musician
Got a budding musician on your hands? Your child can use textmarks.com to create text message alerts promoting his band or his latest gig. Or, your child can send his music to friends and family through mozes.com, so it can be used as a unique ringtone.
And a couple ways to make family life easier...
Be Organized
If your teen is attached to his cell phone, but has trouble organizing himself, Kolb suggests signing him up for a service such as dial2do.com. It allows you to create speak-to-text messages and e-mails, make calendar appointments, and listen to your calendar through your cell phone. “It's a very functional tool,” she says.
Before engaging in any of these programs and services, Kolb says parents need to lay down some safety guidelines.
  • First, make sure your child knows everything on a cell phone is public and permanent. “Kids need to understand that once they post on the Internet, it's there for eternity because everything on the Internet is archived. It needs to be something appropriate which represents them well,” Kolb says.
  • If your teen wants to be a mobile reporter, he needs to make sure that he gets permission from everyone in his photo or video before he posts.
  • Parents should be the ones doing all the posting at first, so they're modeling the behavior for their kids. Kolb recommends that you explain your motives to your child, for example, “'It's going to a private account because it's just for our family to see',”she says.
  • If your child wants unlimited text messaging or costly extra features, Kolb recommends setting up some kind of work plan to help pay for it, either through an outside job or chores around the house.
Kolb says the bottom line is that parents and educators need to face facts: cell phones aren't going away anytime soon, but there is a silver-lining to the cell phone culture that we could be tapping. With a little innovation, Kolb says we can teach kids to use their cell phones as a way to learn about, document, and organize their world in preparation for life in the 21st century.

Technology and learning

“Incorporating technology into the classroom requires a double innovation,” says Shelley Pasnik, director of the Center for Education and Technology, Educators who receive new technology must first learn how to use the equipment and then decide whether or not it supports the class objectives and curriculum.
For example, an instructor may restructure a lecture into a group activity, having students conduct online research to boost their understanding. With such a vast reference tool, the students might pose questions that no one in the class, not even the teacher himself, can answer. Many teachers and schools choose to avoid this situation by discouraging the use of computers in a well-organized lesson. Their latest shipment of Smartboards, ELMOs, or iPads stays locked in a closet as they struggle to find the time to effectively incorporate them into the curriculum plan.
Despite the challenges, incorporating technology into education still has proven benefits, especially when it comes to personalized learning. From math games that adjust the level of difficulty as players progress to electronic books that talk and respond to the tap of a finger, products that personalize the learning experience for students often benefit their understanding. An interactive game is more engaging than a book, so technology often promotes more practice and review in areas requiring memorization, such as spelling, math and geography. This frees up time in the classroom so educators can focus on skills like problem solving, character development and critical thinking.
Technology also makes it easier to spend more overall time on learning. “After school and weekend time can become effective learning time with the right technology,” says David Vinca, founder and executive director of eSpark Learning, an education company that focuses on bringing iPads and iPods into the classroom. Much like how smart phones extend the workday by allowing professionals to send emails anytime, educational technology extends the school day for kids who will happily play multiplication games or review grammar on computer programs.
Educators also find it easier to track and assess student progress with the help of technology. At the end of each lesson cycle in eSpark’s app, students record a video summarizing what they’ve learned, and email it to their teacher. If a student consistently misspells words of a certain pattern, the teacher will know immediately and reintroduce that specific skill. This kind of data-driven information is invaluable for teachers who want to revise and review.

Maximizing Your Child’s Tech Time

Consider these three tips when you consider your child’s daily interaction with technology
  • Look for Connections. When students use technology, it should be within the context of larger learning goals rather than in isolation. “Technology used in isolation is less effective than when it’s integrated into a curricular set of activities,” says Pasnik.
  • Don’t Assume. There are a lot of facts floating out there, and everyone has an opinion. Base your understanding of education technology on reliable sources. Pasnik suggests asking your child’s teacher about how technology is incorporated into the curriculum.
  • It’s All in the Application. The success of any tool depends on how it’s used. Ask how a gadget or program furthers higher thinking, basic skills, or the child’s ability to evaluate, analyze, and synthesize ideas. This way, you’ll ensure that it’s being used for more than its novelty.

Looking Ahead

Technology may be changing the experience of education, but the role of teachers and parents grow increasingly important as they become the experts and guides for new learning resources. Teachers remain the constant in an ever-changing classroom environment, which will continue to shift with the technological tides. Vinca agrees. “However technology is used in class, it has the opportunity to be a game changer.”

Central department of microbiology was established in 1990 under Institute of Science and Technology (IOST) at TU. It is the oldest and only institution in Nepal which provide both M.Sc. and PhD degree in microbiology. Now CDM and other eight TU affiliated colleges also offers the M.Sc. program of microbiology. Each year around 300 students are enrolled in M.Sc. program of TU which is the highest enrollment in the biological sciences and also in top of all affiliation given to private colleges of TU, IOST. Similarly, every year around 700 students get BSc degree majoring in microbiology from 20 colleges of TU of which 8 are constituents and rests are TU affiliated colleges. Our past MSc microbiology graduates from CDM have also proven themselves as highly reputed and skilled manpower in their field and successfully completed and get PhD degree from reputed institutes and Universities of USA, India, Korea, Japan, German, UK etc. Our is highly recognized in USA and MSc degree holders from our department get admission directly in PhD without any further master’s degree. 
Microbiology is the study of microbes and their interactions with humans, animals, plants, and the environment.  Microbes are those organisms usually too small to be seen by the naked eye, such as bacteria, viruses and archaea, and eukaryotes like yeast, protozoa and algae.
Microbes influence all living things and contribute to all manner of chemical and physical processes.  Because these activities are so diverse, the science of microbiology is multidisciplinary, calling on the skills and knowledge of individuals specializing in many different fields of life science, environmental science, and engineering.  Microbiology arose, and continues to profit from, several previously independent scientific and medical disciplines, including bacteriology, virology, public health science, clinical microbiology, immunology, parasitology, vaccinology, and a host of other areas of inquiry.  Microbiologists work in basic and applied research, clinical settings, manufacturing of food and other goods, public health, environmental protection, and other domains.

Central Department of Environmental Science (CDES) was established in 26th October, 2001. It  launch post graduate and doctorate level education in environmental science and technology.
Currently the department has launched different special papers to produce the manpower to meet the demand of nation and to address the current issue in environment. Fresh water conservation and management, Mountain Environment and Sustainable Development are the recently updated special paper course titles. Environmental science being a multi disciplinary science, CDES run work workshops, special training programs and exposure collaborating with different organization to improve the field knowledge of the students along with regular courses.
Since its inception, the department is planning to work hand in hand with the development partners maintaining its academic freedom. The department is currently collaborating with different governmental and nongovernmental organizations. The main collaborating partners are Ministry of Environment, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Local Development, Association for the Development of Environment and People in Transition (ADAPT), Nepal Integrated Development Society (IDS),Nepal Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) , the Glacial Trust, United Kingdom, The small Earth Nepal (SEN).
A well developed nutrition testing lab is establishing by department of Food Technology and Quality Control (DFTQC).
In current situation, the department can test only the contamination present in food products. It is unable to test the various nutritional components like protein, vitamins, carbohydrates, fat and minerals.
Purna Prasad Awasti, the DFTWC spokesperson said that, the purposed lab could test the nutritional values present in food products.
He said ‘the lab will test even the complex type of nutrition in food items’.
The department has proposed around 25-30 millions for developing the lab. At present Nepali exporters are facing a great problems in importing countries due to absence of such testing lab. They have to test such food products in Indian laboratories which cost much time and money.
Wasti clamed that the new lab will also be able to test ‘trans fat’ and ‘saturated fat’ which are supposed one of the main factor which is responsible for causing cholesterol, heart problems, obesity and other heart diseases.

At present, the DFTQC lab has ability to certify 25 different parameters including microlevel fatty acid, dietary fibres, vitamins, proteins, and minerals contain.
Inclusive education means including all types of children in education. The aim of inclusive education is to bring all children in the main stream of nation by giving equal opportunities in education according to their need and conditions. It is also known as universal education, accessible education, equitable education. It is a partial part of justice example and a fair justice policy to accept in society. Inclusive education includes all the weak children, road children, children for minorities group, children affected by HIV, AIDS and Leprosy, children in poverty etc. It is a medium to bring all castes, genders groups in different activities of a nation.
Many countries have defined the inclusive education as the development process of an education system that provides to all children to have useful education in non-discriminatory environment of their own community by upholding multicultural differences of the country. 

Characteristics of Inclusive Education

1. Inclusive education includes all children: boys and girls, those from different cultural or linguistic   backgrounds, those with special abilities or learning needs and those affected directly or indirectly by HIV/AIDS.
2. Inclusive education is gender fair and non discriminatory.
3. Inclusive education is culturally sensitive, celebrates differences and stimulates learning for all children.
4. It promotes healthy lifestyles and life skills.
5. Families, teachers and communities are involved in children’s learning in inclusive education.
6. It promotes all children from harm violence and abuse.
7. In inclusive education learning is relevant to children’s daily lives.
Online education is defined as the education in which technology is used for exchanging ideas and providing access to many people at one time and learning may be effective. Audio, video and computer networking are used for a delivery system. It is a type of distance learning education.
             Greenberg (1998) defines the distance learning education as a planned learning method, that uses the technologies to reach at a learner presented at distance and is designed to motivate the learners and also the certification of learning.
Many terms are used in describing online education.
They are: virtual education, web based education, internet based education, computer based education and many more.
It is a type of credit granting course which is delivered to the students located at remote location with the help of internet. Online courses may contain the requirement that learners and teachers meet once or regularly in lab, lectures or exam hall as long as that physical setting does not exceed more than 25% of total course time.
Historical Background
In past, online education was thought impossible, but now it becomes the reality. The internet technology has allowed us to get knowledge and learn with people of all over the world. Everyone can connect with each other all over the world with the help of internet. The online education now becomes the new field in education.
The online education has developed in the last 20 years. With the help of advance technology the online education becomes more accessible for the distant learners. The concept of distance education has been introduced in 1970s and 1980s. In the late 1970s, the satellite TV and cable are used for delivering materials of distance education course. However at present situation, the internet of high bandwidth is used to deliver the online educational courses.
With the development of newer and newer technologies, it has been expected that the computer network will play a great part of whole education.
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